Endometriosis affects more than 11% of women of reproductive age in the U.S. and 190 million women worldwide. The average time to diagnose endometriosis is seven years after the onset of symptoms, which include abdominal pain and cramping before, during and after menstruation, among others. These circumstances may cause life-altering consequences such as chronic pain, infertility and quality of life. Researchers identify promising approaches for early diagnosis of endometriosis to address a major clinical and public health challenge.